Category: Internet and Information Technology Security

  • Hacked: Who Else Is Using Your Computer?

    A friend called me one day and asked if I would stop by to
    look at his computer. He said it was running abnormally slow
    and he had found something on his hard-drive he could not
    explain. I could almost guess what it was he found.
    Have I been hacked?

    You see, his computer had been hacked. Actually, in his
    case, his computer had been tagged. Similar to the image you
    see here.

    Tag, You're It!

    —————
    The file transfer protocol, commonly referred to as “FTP”,
    has been around for many years. In the early days of the
    Internet, it was one of the few ways to easily upload and
    download files from one computer to another. Many
    commercial operating systems come with an FTP server
    installed. In other cases, the option for FTP services is
    selected by a user when they are installing or updating
    their operating system. If this service is not setup
    properly, or you don't have an adequately configured
    software or hardware firewall, it is an open invitation for
    a hacker or intruder.

    FTP Tagging – The most common purpose for someone to
    compromise your FTP server is for the storage and
    distribution of illegally obtained software and files. This
    could include cracked software, stolen movies, audio files,
    and pornography. Removing this type of contraband from your
    computer can be difficult, particularly if you are using a
    Microsoft Windows platform. Hackers use sophisticated
    scripts to create a maze of directory structures to house
    their wares on your computer. They may use a combination of
    names with spaces in them, and in some cases use extended
    characters (characters outside the normal alpha-numeric
    range). Deleting these directories through normal means may
    be difficult, if not impossible, for the average user. Many
    people wind up wiping their system and re-installing it, and
    that is if they're lucky enough to find out their system has
    been compromised.

    The above is a perfect example of why the statement, “I'm
    not worried about being hacked. What do I have that a
    hacker would want?” is not a good position to take. The fact
    is, you do have something they want, your computers
    resources. Why should a hacker store tons of illegally
    obtained files on their systems when they can use yours.

    The Good, The Bad, And The Ugly

    ——————————-

    The Good

    ——–
    When I was young I use to spend hours upon hours on the
    Internet Relay Chat, also know as the IRC. The IRC is
    another method of Internet communication, which has been
    around for quite a long time. When I was a frequent user of
    the IRC, it was just plain fun. You would meet all kinds of
    people from all over the world. It was the instant messenger
    of the time.

    The Bad

    ——-
    Today, the IRC is a huge communications network. It is made
    up of thousands of channels, and can be accessed by pretty
    much any operating system platform. It is also a favorite
    means of communication for hackers. They can discuss new
    exploits, methods of compromise, and even send and receive
    files. Many hacker groups use a cryptic language to
    communicate with each other on the IRC channels. Unless you
    know the language constructs they use, their conversations
    can look like a bunch of nonsense.

    There are many exploits, backdoors, and Trojans that effect,
    or are contained in, the myriad of IRC clients on the
    Internet. Making sure you choose one that's relatively safe
    to use is not an easy task. As an example, take a look at
    this list of IRC safety and security info at
    irc.org.

    The Ugly

    ——–
    It's not just the exploits and security risks associated
    with using the IRC, which need to concern you. If a hacker
    is able to install an IRC relay agent on your computer, it
    can become a conduit through which they communicate and
    distribute information. In my line of work, I've identified
    many systems with IRC backdoors or relay agents installed.
    The only thing the end user typically experiences is a
    decrease in system performance and Internet access.

    Just Open The Door And Let Them In
    Peer-to-Peer File Sharing

    ———————————-
    If a total stranger were to knock on your door, and ask to
    come in to just hang out for awhile, would you let them in?;
    Most likely not. If you're using peer-to-peer file sharing
    software to locate and download files on the Internet,
    you're opening the door to destruction. Many of the file
    sharing services and software available on the Internet now
    tout themselves as being “safe” and “clean”. This is as far
    from the truth as you can get. If you're a regular user of
    these services, the chance of your computer being
    back-doored or hacked is significant.

    If you have anti-virus software installed (and up-to-date),
    you've undoubtedly received messages regarding viruses when
    downloading files from peer-to-peer services. These are not
    the only things you could be downloading. Many hackers imbed
    root-kits in files and distribute them using peer-to-peer
    file sharing. Root kits contain many types of tools used by
    hackers to gain control over computers. If the installation
    of the kit on your computer goes undetected and is
    successful, it's only a matter of time before your computer
    is completely compromised.

    I can't tell you how many times I've found company
    employees (and technical personnel) using peer-to-peer file
    sharing services. Any organization that permits this is
    putting itself at risk. And, the risk is much greater as
    compared to a single home computer because of the number of
    potential internal targets.

    Conclusion

    ———-
    Of course, the above is just a few examples of different
    methods and types of computer compromise. There are many
    ways your computer can be hacked. Your best defense is a
    good offense along with education and awareness.
    When you configure your computer make sure you enable only
    the software and services that you need. Many programs have
    known exploits and / or require additional steps be taken to
    adequately secure them.

    Don't make the assumption that you are not a target just
    because you don't think you have anything of interest on
    your computer.

    If our computer becomes unstable or dramatically decreases
    in performance, don't assume it's just a quirk or that it's
    time to upgrade.

    Make sure you have a software or hardware firewall in place
    to protect you from the Internet. Your firewall should be
    configured not to allow anonymous inbound access from the
    Internet. This is the default configuration for most
    firewalls, but you should make sure the one you are using is
    properly configured.

    Make sure you have adequate virus and spyware protection,
    and your pattern signatures are up-to-date. Many anti-virus
    applications work on a subscription basis. It's not uncommon
    to find out your subscription expired. If it is expired,
    your software may not protect you from new and emerging
    threats.

    And, do what ever you can to stay away from any type of
    Internet peer-to-peer file sharing service. No matter how
    safe the developer claims it is.

    About The Author

    —————-
    Darren Miller is an Information Security Consultant with
    over sixteen years experience. He has written many technology
    & security articles, some of which have been published in
    nationally circulated magazines & periodicals. Darren is a
    staff writer for http://www.defendingthenet.com and several other
    e-zines. If you would like to contact Darren you can e-mail
    him at Darren.Miller@ParaLogic.Net or
    DefendTheNet@ParaLogic.Net.

    If you would like to know
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    Original URL

    ————
    http://www.defendingthenet.com/NewsLetters/HaveYouBeenHacked.htm

  • Security Issues May Be a High Priority for Internet 2

    Security is one of the main focuses on Internet2. But realistically:

    Security and transparency can be
    expected in any future network. But computer experts like to remind the
    public that there is no such thing as a completely bug free computer
    except, as the joke goes, “one that is encased in concrete and sitting
    at the bottom of the ocean.”

    Some might say it is impossible to secure Internet2.  In some ways
    I would say that they were correct.  Or let me put it this way, it
    could be secured but I couldn't really be called the Internet any
    more.  I guess if they did something like in which all systems
    were connect with Peer to Peer VPN connections like Tor connections in
    which all data is encrypted and digitally signed.  I suspect that
    eventually even the encryption would get cracked  since all crypto
    eventually meets its processor match.

    It could be called the CryptoNet!  Anyone logging on would have to
    sign on with a digital signature stored on some sort of Certifing
    Authority (CA).  Of course, this would make it possible to do
    MITM, man in the middle, attacks unless it was an enclave network in
    which ALL nodes with IPs had to have a digital signature.

    Such an implementation would greatly reduce the speed of connection but
    would give incredible nonrepudiation, confidentiality, and
    integrity.  The availability would suffer big time.

    Frankly, a “CryptoNet” would only be good for all the important
    transactions such as banks, hospitals and time sheets.  I would
    not want something like that for 95% of what I do on the Internet.

    Does anybody have any information on how I can get the hook up on “testing” the Internet2?

    read more | digg story

  • Wardriving Tools

    Great site that lists the best software for finding and decrypting wireless AP's.

    Morality of Wardriving tools.
    I do not personally wardrive but I think it is a great way to do an
    assessment of the security of your area.  I know some people
    wardrive just to find a free spot to surf.  This is the equivalent
    to walking up to every door in your neigborhood and twisting the knob
    to see if the door is unlocked.  Then walking in and watching
    cable on their couch and eating popcorn.  It is not right. 
    And I can not pretend that it is.

    Privacy of Publically dispensed Wireless Data
    But at the sametime, having a wireless service and NO security is like
    having a house with no walls.  How can there be a crime or theft
    of data and service when the data and service is spilling out freely
    into the air like a public water fountain. 

    Paying for Service and then serving it to the Public
    I pay for the water service at my house so if anyone else walks into my
    yard to use my water hose they are wrong.  But if I put that same
    hose into a nearby public park and turn it on, how guilty is anyone
    going to feel about taking a sip or splashing their face with it?

    So if you feel strongly about people NOT wardriving and not stealing
    service than do something about it.  I think that wardriving will
    dry up when the masses finally get wind of wireless security, until
    then “Surfs up.”

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  • Hackers Step Up Attacks on IM Networks

    This is an interesting article on eWeek penned by Gene Koprowski
    adressing the virus portal known as Internet Message chat (AIM, MS
    messenger, ICQ etc).  

    “One security research outfit on
    Wednesday reported the highest monthly total ever of new IM viruses…
    some 25 viruses were reported on IM networks during September alone.”

    Great point but the article speaks as if IM is some sort of NEW
    target.  IM is one of the biggest holes in home computer
    systems.  There are MANY hacker tools that exploit these swiss
    cheese, foolishly trusting apps.  Do a scan on your ISP's Network
    and you will see scores of ports open on AIM and ICQ and others. 

    “We started doing this report about four months ago. What we're
    seeing is that there could be a new phase of IM viruses emerging. In
    the past, IM viruses were variants of e-mail-borne viruses. That's not
    exclusively the case anymore.”

    Jaros said that his company's research demonstrates that there
    is an average of at least one IM virus attack being conducted every day
    now.

    One of the most popular techniques that truly dark hackers use is to
    connect an “owned” box to an IRC (Internet Relay Chat) room from which
    many unholy acts can be done.

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  • Dvorak's Blog Spam Fix

    Dvorak gets no spam, now he gets no blog spam. 

    But my spam problems have just begun:
    I started getting nailed with casino, porn and commercial site spam.  They trackback promoting Disney Trips, penis enlargements or, my favorite, Texas Holdem.  I still get a few spam links about every few weeks or so.  And I'm currently getting and giving traffic to a casino site.. and I haven't figured out how that is happening.  I'm sure these bastards are usings some kind of software to locate vulnerable (anonymous accepting) blogs and nuke them.  I've had to terminate my anonymous comments and I'm thinking of shutting down my Trackbacks.  I also blocked a few repeat offenders.  For me, that is unfortunate because the interaction (free comments, links to and from relevant sites of many different oppinions) is the coolest thing about blogs.  Blog innocence has come and gone over night.

    Appearently, Marc Perkel at ctyme.com has found a way to get rid of all spam providing you are using apache and on word press.

    He does it with this code:

    < location /blog/wp-comments-newpost.php >
    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^.*dvorak.org/.*
    RewriteRule ^.* http://www.ctyme.com/comment-spam.html
    < /location >

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  • Is China trying to hack the US DoD?

    Many penetrations at the Department of Defense traced to China.
    Analysts have code named the attacks Titan Rain and are divided as to
    whether or not they are a coordinated effort by the Chinese government.
    I think the more interesting question is why would the DoD release this
    information to the press?
     
    “Hi China we know what your doing?”

    I don't think this should come as a surprise to anyone.  Nations
    have been spying on each other (friendly or enemy) from the begining of
    nations.  I think that these kind of cyber attacks will get much
    more complex and clandestine in the near future.

    A few month ago the U.S. military annouced the assembling of  the world's most formidable, multimillion-dollar weapons grade hacker unit program in order to launch bloodless cyberwar against enemy networks — from
    electric grids to telephone nets.

    Talk about cyberpunk and sci-fi come to life!  This all sounds
    like Tom Clancy's NetForce.  Not my favorite Tom Clancy book but
    great concept.

    read more | digg story

  • 6 Dumbest Ideas in Computer Security – Revisited

    Markus Ranum’s popular “6 Dumbest Ideas in Computer Security” is apparently accepted by many. I agree with a couple of his points, but have serious issues on the others.

    Here is what Mark had to say in a nutshell:

    1) Default Permit –

    Allow everything except bad processes and/or users.

    I Agree.

    There is a lot of this going around and it is dumb. And I say its dumb in total humility, we all do dumb things from time to time. With Windows XP service pack 2, which is basically a firewall implemented on top of the OS and though it is not perfect, I believe that more people are beginning to see the importance of DENY ALL.

    2) Enumerating Badness

    Listing a concentrating on the thousands of malware as opposed to concentrating on accounting for the legitimate software and getting rid of the rest. It’s a ploy by the man to keep security corporations afloat.

    I Agree and Disagree with this.

    I agree that it is important to have accountability for what is going great on your system and running as it should. You should know and maintain your “known good” baseline configuration. But it is like protecting your home. Shouldn’t you know what recent rash of crimes are going on in your neighborhood?

    Shouldn’t you keep note of those crimes and have a method or practice of protecting yourself. Although it is impractical to seek out every possible type of attack a criminal will use against your home, you should at least have protection against the MOST LIKELY methods that might be used against your home. I believe that being aware of some of the most possible known threats to your system and taking action is like personal insurance.

    3) Penetrate and Patch –

    Systems should be designed better so they don’t have to be patched.

    WTF (What the f*#@!!)

    Of course systems should be designed better… and humans should be designed so that we don’t go to war! And there shouldn’t be hunger anywhere on planet earth. Could have, Should have, would have. In a perfect world, I.E. WOULD HAVE been ABORTED. But Internet Explorer was released to all and controlled 95% of the browser for years. Mark, there are systems that need patches. Security isn’t just proactive its reactive. I understand and agree with what you are saying but in the real world millions of people by millions of badly designed and even hazardous products.

    4) Hacking is Cool

    Mark insists that saying “hacking is cool” or having popular series of “hack” books (i.e. Google Hacks, Mind Hacks) is glorifying criminals.

    I Strongly Disagree.

    This is yet another example of someone ignorant of what hacking actually is.

    I’ve had numerous arguments about this. I don’t care what you say Mark (or anyone else) hacking is and always will be cool. NO!… I don’t believe CRIME is not cool. Hackers are not always criminals. You would have to go to the Defcon to realize this. But Mark seems like the type that would look down his nose at Defcon and everyone there. Many of the vulnerabilities that are discovered before criminals exploit them are discovered by gray hats, hackers who actively or accidentally discover security holes. Many times these gray hats actually warn the companies and are told to sit down and shut.

    Even if you did believe that every hacker is a criminal and ALL hacking is a crime, would it not make sense to know your enemy and what he/she does? Criminal Profilers must not only know the tactics of criminals they have to UNDERSTAND them. I was a cop for five years. In my experience, the best cops & investigators understood not only how and why people commit crimes but also how they try and get out of it.

    Mark calls hacking “social problem.”

    Even TLC (the learning channels) does not take this stance on hacking. Check out their list of the famous & Infamous hackers.

    Hackers included on the TLC page:

    Steve Wozniak (co-founder of Apple)

    Richard Stallman (creator of GNU)

    Dennis Ritchie/Ken Thompson (created UNIX)

    TSutomu Shimomura (caught Kevin Mitnick)

    Linus Torvalds (creator of Linux)

     

    This is a good definition of what a hacker is:

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#History

    Most Information Security professionals (or those claiming to be) either completely understand what “hacking” is or do not understand it at all.

    5) Educating Users

    Users should be kept dumb.

    I disagree.

    Social Engineering is the best example of what happens when your users are blind. The biggest threat to any system is the people using them. Kevin Mitnick said, “There is no patch for stupidity.” Really funny, but I disagree the patch is Security Awareness. Check out what the folks at Security Awareness for MA PA and the Corporate clueless blog had to say. 

              6) Action is Better Than Inaction

    It really is easier to not do something dumb than it is to do something smart.

    I agree. Very well put.

     

    I would also add a seventh, brought up by Par Kris Buytaert at x-tend.be:

    7) Security Can be sold in a Box

             Everyone wants a push button solution to all their security issues.  The truth is that it does not exist.  The only way to beat the game is stay ahead of it.  That is not to say everyone should be security geeks, but they should have some understanding of spyware, malware and other filth (that is if they value there accounts, privacy and data).

     

    Over all, I feel that article has a lot to give to computer security community.  Its great that there are professionals that put that much thought on what they feel  is right.

     

     

  • Email Security and the Necessity of Security Education for Small Business

    Email and document security is no longer just an option for
    companies, it is a necessity. Couple that with the costly user
    licensing of most enterprise software solutions and many small business
    operators can be locked out of taking advantage of Best Practice
    strategies that ensure the privacy of intellectual property and
    communication. Setting rights permissions to documents and encrypting
    email will be essential to future security practices for all businesses.

    Common
    knowledge has been that the less sophisticated small business operates
    on a pricing sensitivity and is more apt to take advantage of
    promotions, whereas the more sophisticated make security decisions
    based on perceived business necessities. Overall, small businesses tend
    towards waiting to implement internet security measures until after
    suffering an email breach or informational leak. By this time privacy
    and accompanying monetary loss may have already done irreparable harm
    to a company's intellectual property and reputation. Large enterprise
    solutions make it necessary to adopt complex IT infrastructures and
    processes that are usually dependent on an IT staff – a solution that
    does not fit well into the budgets of most small businesses.

    According
    to published reports in PCWorld.com, there are nearly 70 million small
    businesses worldwide and over 20 million in the U.S. alone. Small
    business is a major part of the global economy – that means it's time
    to replace a general passivity towards the possible threats from email
    and document theft with a look towards initiating security measures as
    a business standard. The increasing level of security risk due to email
    and intellectual property theft make it imperative for small businesses
    to raise their level of security knowledge and investment.

    Recent
    studies show that although information security is a high concern for
    small business owners, lack of actual knowledge and awareness of the
    economic impact of security incidents is equally high. Imparting an
    awareness to the small business community of the real threats in
    regards to security vulnerability should be top priority. Through
    education in this arena, small businesses can better enable them to not
    only determine their own level of risk but also choose the necessary
    email and document security solutions.

    The responsibility of
    raising awareness of security provisions needs to come not only from
    governing agency reports, but also from security solution vendors.
    Providers of business tool solutions are better equipped than any other
    entity to position themselves as leaders in educating businesses on not
    only the dangers but the appropriate basic security measures to
    complement a small company infrastructure. Especially here, being
    informed on which internet security products best suit a company need
    is important as the needs of small businesses are vastly different than
    that of enterprise businesses.

    Look to numerous market survey and
    analysis reports that specialize in studies on information security and
    small business. A little research will show they repeatedly state the
    same warning to small businesses – they need to change their attitude
    towards security and begin adopting a security plan.

    Taking the
    time to gather information on creating good internet security practices
    will lead to a decrease in the future cost of lost productivity, and by
    educating your workforce you create an even wider prevention of
    productivity loss.

    Nan Schwarz, Director of Corporate Marketing
    http://www.essentialsecurity.com

    Schwarz
    is the director of corporate marketing for Essential Security Software
    and is responsible for worldwide creative marketing strategy and
    execution, corporate branding, and public relations.

    Essential
    Security Software (ESS) is a provider of document and email security
    solutions. ESS has developed a premier, easy-to-use, peer-to-peer
    content protection and user rights management solution that enables
    small business owners and individuals to securely distribute sensitive
    email messages and documents while protecting the privacy, integrity
    and authenticity of their intellectual property. ESS believes that
    people have the right to affordable security software technology that
    is powerful, flexible, and easy-to-use.

  • Training on Security+

    I will be doing training on the Security+ for the ISSA-COS.  I'm
    traing the Communcation Security portion of the test.  This is one
    of my favorite sections. 

    I told the ISSA guys I'd do it as long as I didn't have to train on Crypto which is one of my weaker subjects. 

    I'm excited about the training because I feel like I will really be
    able to help people ace this test.  Most security professionals
    who have been IT for more than a couple of years won't have a problem
    studying for it and passing it. 

    It really is just basic technical information security
    stuff.   There is also a lot of support on the Internet for
    this test: practice tests, guidance on what to study, and
    encouragement. 

    Don't sweat this test.  Especially if you've studied.

  • First potential virus risk for Windows Vista found

    “Virus writers are targeting a new Microsoft tool that will be part
    of Windows and is set to ship as part of the next Exchange e-mail
    server release.” – C|Net

    F-Secure has already found a possible flaw in the Windows Vista
    (code named Longhorn) command Shell called Monad also know as MSH.

    Representatives of F-Secure stated that if Microsoft released Windows
    Vista with MSH enabled, it could cause and outbreak of scripting
    viruses.  Examples of Scripting viruses include Macrovirues, the
    ILOVEYou VB scripting virus and the Melissa virus.

    The exploit aiming at MSH is discussed here.

    Microsoft my chose to disable MSH by default or simply add it as a plugin.